Fluoride Facts
Fluoride is a natural mineral that is found in various concentrations in soil and drinking water. Every day a tooth’s enamel (the hard outer layer) has minerals both added to it (remineralization) and removed from it (demineralization). During remineralization, minerals such as fluoride, calcium, and phosphate are added to the enamel layer via foods and drinks that contain them. Minerals are lost when acids – from bacteria in the mouth and certain foods and drinks – attack the enamel. Tooth decay results when the enamel loses more minerals than it receives.
Fluoride helps to prevent tooth decay by making the tooth more resistant to acid attacks. Fluoride also helps to speed remineralization of erupted teeth in both children and adults. Fluoride is found in some foods, such as seafood. The primary source of fluoride is drinking water. Tap water in most cities in the United States contains fluoride. Some, but not all, bottled waters contain fluoride.
Fluoride can be applied directly to teeth through toothpastes and mouth rinses. You can buy these products at most pharmacies and grocery stores. Dentists can also apply fluoride directly to your teeth in the form of a gel, foam, or varnish. These products contain a much higher level of fluoride than toothpastes and mouth rinses.
Infants and children between the ages of 6 months and 16 years should receive fluoride. Their primary and permanent teeth develop during these ages, so the stronger their enamel is, the better. Although, fluoride is an immediate concern for children and adolescents, adults can benefit from fluoride. Topical fluoride including toothpastes, mouth rinses, and fluoride treatments is as important for fighting tooth decay in adults as it is for strengthening the teeth of children. Fluoride is one way to combat the damage done from soft drinks, which are very acidic. Additional fluoride might also be appropriate for patients with crowns, bridges, and braces, as the portion of the tooth that is not covered by a crown, bridge, or brace may be at greater risk for tooth decay.